Auckland Astronomical Society Inc

Pratical Astronomy May - Introduction to Astrophotography
2025-05-19 20:00 - 21:00 (Pacific/Auckland) | Stardome Observatory, 670 Manukau Rd, Epsom, Auckland, 1345, New Zealand
This talk will cover the basics for getting started with Astrophotography, including cameras, mounts, optics and image processing

Monthly Meeting May - The search for Takapō Meteorite
2025-05-26 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
The search and finding of the Takapō Meteorite and what we have since learnt about it. And Fireballs Aotearoa’s activities over the last year including the search for the Mahoe Meteorite.

Steve Wyn-Harris is a sheep and beef farmer in Central Hawkes Bay. He wrote a weekly national rural column for nearly three decades and has been a broadcaster for as long. He is on the executive of Fireballs Aotearoa, the meteorite search co-ordinator and media liaison for the organization. In 2023 he was awarded an ONZM for services to farming and rural communities.

Steve has also published a children’s book: ‘The Day I Crashed to Earth’ (target audience 5-13) about the finding of the Takapō Meteorite and for $20 anyone is welcome to a copy!

Introduction to Astronomy June 2025
2025-06-02 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
Stellar & Exoplanetary Spectroscopy
Learning to Read the Light
Tonight, you will learn how astronomers read the light from stars to measure their temperature, composition, rotation and much more, plus the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.
We start by explaining how and why atoms absorb and emit light at specific wavelengths before discussing how a prism splits light into its various colours to determine a star’s many properties. This will include a demonstration of a prism and calculating our Sun’s surface temperature, plus images and step-by-step analysis of spectra taken with a local amateur spectrograph. Our discussions will then delve deeper into measuring magnetic fields and surface gravity of stars using this simple technique, before discussing the process and frustrations with analysing the atmospheres of planets beyond our solar system.
Come along and see how you can take some of these measurements yourself. This session is for everyone, from beginners to experienced members, who want to learn more about reading the light from stars and other objects.

Monthly Meeting June
2025-06-09 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
Matariki – Ngā Whetū o te Tau Hou / The Stars of the New Year
Join us at Stardome as we celebrate Matariki in 2025— a time of remembrance, reflection, and renewal under the rising stars of the Māori New Year.
In this immersive planetarium experience, you’ll journey through the night sky to explore the Matariki star cluster and its importance in Aotearoa and te ao Māori. Discover the rich purākau (stories), science, and traditions connected to each of the nine whetū, learn about the Maramataka (the Māori lunar calendar), and reflect on how Matariki guides us through the cycles of the year along with many other significant stars.
Whether you’re reconnecting with Matariki or experiencing it for the first time, this show is a great way to honour the season and gain a deeper appreciation of Māori astronomy and our place within the cosmos.
Mānawatia a Matariki!

Practical Astronomy June - The Winter Night Sky
2025-06-16 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This will be one of our seasonal Planetarium sessions, where will will review the constellations and deep sky objects of the Winter Night Sky.

Monthly Meeting July
2025-07-14 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
The JWST is the most expensive and powerful telescope astronomers have ever constructed. Its launch in 2021 started a new phase in our exploration of the cosmos, with the observatory’s golden mirrors producing instantly iconic images of the Solar System’s giant planets, nearby star-forming regions and galaxies, and our distant universe. The lecture includes the latest news from its studies of the early universe, a place lit up by what appears to have been a much more spectacular burst of activity than anyone expected.
This lecture was recorded by Chris Lintott on 28th May 2025 at Conway Hall, London
Chris is Gresham Professor of Astronomy.
He is also a Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Oxford, and a Research Fellow at New College.

Practical Astronomy July - Sky Charting Software
2025-07-21 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory, 670 Manukau Rd, Epsom, Auckland, 1345, New Zealand
Sky Charting software can be used for planning your observing sessions, previewing sky events and even telescope and dome control control. They are also a great educational resource for learning and gaining understanding of some of the jargon used in astronomy. We will use the Open Source desktop application Stellarium to investigate some of these features and also demonstrate the use of a mobile device using the Sky Safari app.

Film Night July - The Planets - 25 years Later
2025-07-28 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory, 670 Manukau Rd, Epsom, Auckland, 1345, New Zealand
Terra Firma
Last month, members of the society were interested in the difference between a volcano crater and meteor crater, as both of these are structures we can see on the surfaces of the earth, and the moon using even the smallest of telescopes. Space travel has let us find vulcanism everywhere in the Solar System, and we are starting to find evidence of it on exoplanets.
Vulcanism on the Earth and Moon
The mighty volcanoes of Mars, and the formation of Mariner Valley
The lava plains of Venus, and its mapping
Vulcanism of the Galilean Moons of Jupiter
The geysers of Triton
Developments since 1999 :
Vulcanism of Venus – observed eruptions
The changing face of Io
Evidence of geological processes of the Exoplanets

Monthly Meeting August - Celestial Songs: A Cosmic Spacetime Symphony
2025-08-11 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
The Universe sings an intricate melody composed of gravitational waves, the cosmic echoes of cataclys-
mic events. Yet it’s only in recent years that we have begun to listen to this space-time symphony. In this
talk, we’ll embark on a journey through the revolutionary advancements in gravitational wave astronomy.
First, we’ll trace our understanding of the subject from the conceptualisation of cosmic ripples in 1916
through to the Nobel Prize-winning gravitational wave discovery of the merger of two black holes. We’ll
then discuss Aotearoa’s contributions to this work. Join us as we uncover the cosmic symphony, tracing
our evolution from theory to discovery in our quest to understand the Universe’s celestial songs.
Dr Avi Vajpeyi is a research fellow working at the University of Auckland and a member of the scientific
collaborations Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Laser Interferometer
Space Antenna (LISA). His work involves “listening” to gravitational waves emitted from black holes collid-
ing with each other.

Practical Astronomy August - Names and Catalogues.
2025-08-18 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory, 670 Manukau Rd, Epsom, Auckland, 1345, New Zealand
Names and Catalogues
Ever wondered about the designations Astronomical Objects such as M 22, NGC 104, HD 207098, or the names given to comets and asteroids. In this talk we will be discussing the IAU naming conventions for celestial objects along with the star and deep sky catalogues commonly encountered by amateur astronomers.

Film Night August 2025 - The Planets , 25 years later : Giants
2025-08-25 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
The gas-giant planets of our Solar System have been the subject of interest and study for millennia. Their light and brightness gave them titles from that of Ancient Roman gods. When Galileo Galilei turned his telescope to Jupiter, he was able to prove that not everything revolves around the sun, and so started the development of Astronomy as one of the cornerstones of science and knowledge. After learning to fly, we started to explore the Solar System soon thereafter. The best ships we had could get us to Jupiter, and it was supreme good fortune that the Grand Opportunity arrived in the 1970’s to allow Pioneer 10 & 11, and then Voyager 1 and 2 to visit the giant planets, and their moons, for the first time.
Since then, humanity has returned to the Giants, and there are more plans to do so. Observations from the earth, and earth orbit, continue to reveal new things about the giants, both in this solar system, and beyond.
Understanding why we are here : Jupiter, the asteroid belt, and gravitational sweeping.
Returning to the Giants : Juno, and more to come.
Jupiter and Saturn’s growing retinue of moons (there are hundreds now !)
The Vera C. Rubin observatory and the Giants – more moons are likely.
Looking for life – exploration of Europa and Titan
The outer worlds – the Jupiter-class gas giants orbiting other stars – the Space Oddities.

Practical Astronomical September - The Spring Night Sky
2025-09-15 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This will be one of our quarterly Planetarium sessions, where we will review the Spring Night Sky. We will go over the main constellations of the Spring Night Sky and some of the deep sky objects to be found in them

Film Night September - The Planets - 25 Years Later : Moon
2025-09-22 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory, 670 Manukau Rd, Epsom, Auckland, 1345, New Zealand
The Planets – 25 Years Later : Moon
The Earth’s moon has been the companion in the sky, marking the seasons, the year, the tides, and even the biology of all life on earth. But what is it ? From rock, to a dust ball – to green cheese – speculation has abounded until 1957 when the first spacecraft of human construction, Sputnik 1, opened the Solar System to human exploration. The moon was one of our earliest targets, as the nearest – and most arrestingly mysterious yet beautiful – celestial body. Men flew around the moon in 1968 with Apollo 8 at Christmas time that troubled year, and landed on the moon in July 1969 with the success of Apollo 11 – and humanity at last touched, and walked on the moon. Since that time, and since 1999, there’s been a lot of exploration of the moon – and there is more to come. And that’s before we consider the other moons of the Solar System, still more amazing…
Refinements in lunar exploration, with low orbits, pioneered with Clementine (after which a lunar orbit is named)
Irrefutable proof we went there – photos of the landers from the exploration ships of multiple countries
Still going strong since 1969 – the ALSEP laser reflectors. Dusty, but working…
Captures of lunar impacts by amateurs in recent years – there are new craters being made all the time…
The discovery of water ice at both poles of the moon.
The rediscovery of the concept of the ‘Lunar Arecibo’ on the Dark Side
Triumphs of the Kerbal Space Program in terms of recent lunar mishaps of landers ….
Forthcoming explorations of the moon by robot probe and manned missions in the years to come

Monthly Meeting October - The Messy Eating Habits of Black Holes
2025-10-13 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
When an unsuspecting star wanders too close to a supermassive black hole, the star can be ripped apart by the black hole’s immense gravity. As the black hole messily feeds on the star, it produces an amazing display of light as bright as ten billion suns for many months. Using new surveys, astronomers are finding these hungry black holes throughout the Universe. Recently, it has been discovered that many years after feeding, these black holes sometimes produce a “heartbeat” of X-ray eruptions that repeat every several hours. Dr. Piro will describe some of the best theories to explain this mystery and what they can teach us about these enigmatic objects. Dr. Anthony Piro – Staff Scientist, Carnegie Science Observatories.

This is a rescreening of a Carnegie Science Lecture.

Meeting will be followed by tea, coffee and snacks.

Practical Astronomy October - Names and Catalogues
2025-10-20 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This month we will be discussing the naming conventions for Celestial objects.

Film Night October - The Planets - 25 Years Later : Star
2025-10-27 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
The Planets – 25 Years Later : Star

The sun is literally the centre of the Solar System – indeed, it takes its name from the Roman personification of the Sun as deity, in Latin.
For most of humanity’s time on the Earth, the sun has often been seen as the epitome of perfection of form, and agreed upon as the source of all light, warmth and energy – which it is.
But how does the sun relate to the Planets ? Starting with Galileo Galilei, we learned that the sun is not perfect – there are sunspots.
Father Giovanni Secchi at the Vatican observatory proved spectroscopically that the Sun is a star.
With time, we have come to know that the planets formed together with the sun – and the observed development of the planetary systems of other stars has confirmed this more and more as time goes by.
The influence of the sun is very great – even at the poles in complete darkness, the Solar Wind paints Aurorae on the skies above. Eugene Parker computed that there would be a supersonic solar wind – and exploration of
Mercury in the space age proved him to have been conservative – the sun is even more violent. The Skylab mission, and Voyager 2 have both expanded our conception of the limits of the Sun and
the Solar System in turn.

Since 1999, the Sun continues to fuel science and exploration :

Orbiting Observatories of the Sun – SOHO, Ulysses – and the mapping of the Corona, as well as the and discovery of new comets.
The Parker solar probe – in flight since 2018, doing Coronal dives
The Solar Space Fleet – STEREO, Parker, PUNCH, Hinode
Aurorae of the Gas Giants
Imaging the stars – The spots of Betelguese and other stars
Exoplanets and their aurorae visible from light years away
The Star Upon the Earth – controlled fusion reactors of the future.

Monthly Meeting November - Strange Nature of Time across the Universe - how does time work in Einstein’s cosmos
2025-11-03 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
Strange Nature of Time across the Universe – how does time work in Einstein’s cosmos
Time. We never seem to have enough of it. Clocks tick reliably, one second at a time, as deadlines loom. Yet in our modern understanding of the universe, time loses its rigidity and reveals a more fluid nature. In this talk, we’ll explore the nature of time across the cosmos and examine the experiments that show how time once ran slower, much, much slower, when the universe was young. But what does this relative nature of time truly mean? Could it offer a way to gain more time to meet our deadlines? And what does it imply for one of the greatest mysteries in physics: is it possible to break the barrier and actually travel through time?
Geraint F. Lewis was born in Old South Wales and studied astrophysics at the University of London before earning his PhD from Cambridge in 1995. After research positions in the US and Canada, he moved to Australia in 2000, where he is now Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Sydney. His research spans the influence of dark energy and dark matter on cosmic evolution, the use of gravitational lensing to probe the nature of quasars and the distribution of dark matter, and the dynamics of galactic cannibalism in the Local Group. Geraint is also a passionate science communicator, with several books and numerous public talks exploring the deep questions of cosmology, physics and the meaning of reality.

Introduction to Astronomy November 2025
2025-11-10 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory, 670 Manukau Rd, Epsom, Auckland, 1345, New Zealand
The Depth of The Night Sky (An Introduction)
by guest speaker: Jonathan Park
When we look up at the night sky, it’s easy to imagine that all the stars are placed on a great celestial dome above us. But we know that they lie at vastly different distances, scattered across space, some near and others hundreds of light-years away. In this talk, we’ll look at some familiar groups of stars, using graphics to travel away from Earth to view them from different directions. This will help you to get a feel for these distances. While on the topic of how far away these stars are, here’s an interesting fact: the speed of light is exactly 299,792,458 metres per second (no additional decimal places, no uncertainty), and this means we can now define a light-year to 100% precision! You’ll find out how this works tonight. We will also learn a little about some of these stars – are any binary, triple, or more? How big and hot are they? Do some of them have planets? One is a fascinating system of at least five stars orbiting each other in a very complex pattern.
This talk includes a selection of familiar stars visible to the naked eye, and is suitable for all ages and levels of astronomy knowledge. It may even change how you think about the stars you see at night.

Practical Astronomy November - Telescopes
2025-11-17 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
In this talk, AAS curator of instruments, Steve Hennerley will explain the various types of telescopes, how they were developed and how to use them.

Film Night November 2025
2025-11-24 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
The Planets 25 Years Later : Atmosphere
The atmosphere of the Earth transforms our planet into our world. The great cycles of the gases of the air and water allow us to understand that home.
To understand the planets, we need to understand their atmospheres. We start with the venture of the late Col. Joe Kittinger, who travelled to space without needing a rocket, under an ultra-high atmosphere balloon.
Mikhail Lomonosov discovered the atmosphere of Venus during a rare transit. Soviet exploration of Venus needed to pressure-cook the Venera planetary probes, making them tougher than battle-tanks, so as to survive landing, and take the first photos on its overpowering atmospheric conditions, and the unending lighting of the ‘Veneran Electric Dragon’
Dave Grinspoon (who writes for Sky & Telescope every once in a while, and got asteroid 22410 named after him recently) introduces us to the nature of the atmospheres of other planets, moving through Venus,
to Mars. Andy Ingersoll discusses the Ecosphere of a star, and then turns to the Gas Giants. Dr. Alvin Seiff has in turn designed Galileo’s atmospheric probe of Jupiter’s clouds.
Saturn is next, with the coming exploration by Cassini, and the moon Titan, the only moon in our Solar System with its own thick atmosphere.

Since 1999, there have been many developments in understanding the atmospheres of the planets and moons of our Solar Systems, and the exoplanets beyond:

Huygens has landed on Titan, and the atmospheric conditions are now well described.
We know a lot more about the great cycles of Venus’ atmosphere
We have been able to confirm the comet-like tails of planets like Venus, where the atmosphere is being stripped away by solar winds.
With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, it is now possible to sample those ‘tails’ by IR Spectroscopy, and measure their content.
In some cases, we can even detect if those atmospheres contain bio-markers for those present in the Ecosphere of their parent stars.

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Monthly Meeting December - The Modern Epicycles of Cosmology
2025-12-08 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
Cosmology is in crisis. We know very little about dark energy and dark matter, two things that cosmologists believe
are fundamental to the Universe and integral to the standard model of cosmology. With each new set of high-
precision observation, disagreements between data and the standard model grow. This year experiments like the
DESI survey have cast doubt on the nature of dark energy and how the Universe changed over time. Now the lead-
ing suggestions are that the strength of dark energy changes with time, adding yet more mystery to the phenome-
na. While these new models fit the data, are they true, or are they adding more complexity to a flawed concept? In
this talk we will explore the current landscape of cosmology and question the foundational assumptions of modern
cosmology.
Dr Ryan Ridden is a Rutherford Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Canterbury. His research is fo-
cused in the time domain of astronomy and covers a wide range of topics including supernovae, solar system ob-
jects, exoplanets, active galaxies, and cosmology. Ryan is leading the international Cosmic Cataclysms Collabora-
tion, using space telescope data to search for the fastest explosions and variable objects in the Universe. Earlier this
year Ryan was part of a collaboration which used supernova data to test models of the Universe that did not use
dark energy. Alongside research, Ryan has engaged in public outreach and education, frequently giving public lec-
tures and mentoring future scientists.

Practical Astronomy December - The Summer Night Sky
2025-12-15 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This will be one of our seasonal Planetarium sessions. We will use the Planetarium to explore the Summer Night Sky. This is a great way to improve your knowledge of the Summer constellations and learn about some of the deep sky objects to be found in them.

Practical Astronomy February - an Introduction to Astrophotography
2026-02-02 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This talk will cover the basics of Astrophotography including, composition, equipment and processing.
Note the date swap with the February Introduction to Astronomy talk

Monthy Meeting February - From Mars with Love: Postcards from 50 Years of Exploring The Red Planet
2026-02-09 20:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This meeting will be screening a Gresham College Lecture with Professor Chris Lintott
During the fifty years since the launch of the Viking spacecraft to Mars, our view of the red planet has changed from hostile desert to a world which was once covered in water, and which may just possibly sustain life. Lavishly illustrated with the latest images from the fleet of spacecraft that have explored our neighbour, this lecture considers how Mars’ fate, like that of Earth, was set in the Solar System’s first billion years, and the chaotic environment the process of planet formation produced.
This lecture was recorded by Chris Lintott on the 3rd of December 2025 at Conway Hall, London.
Professor Chris Lintott is a Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Oxford, and a Research Fellow at New College. Having been educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge and University College London, his research now ranges from understanding how galaxies form and evolve, to using machine learning to find the most unusual things in the Universe, to predicting the properties of visiting interstellar asteroids. He was the founder of the Zooniverse citizen science platform, which provides opportunities for more than two million online volunteers to contribute to scientific research, and which was the topic of his first book, ‘The Crowd and the Cosmos’. His latest book is ‘Our Accidental Universe’. Professor Lintott is best known for presenting the BBC’s long-running Sky at Night program, and as an accomplished lecturer. Away from work, he cooks, suffers through being a fan of Torquay United and Somerset cricket, and spends time with a rescued lurcher, Mr Max.

Monthly Meeting March 2026 - How can AI help us find exploding stars and Hungry Black Holes?
2026-03-09 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
Dr Heloise Stevance
Modern sky surveys can image the entire sky every night. In doing so, they discover new cosmic explosions – from stars collapsing to stars being devoured by black holes. But the sky is vast and the alerts are many – far too many for humans to keep up with. When the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) begins in 2026, millions of nightly discoveries will flood astronomers. Partnering with experts in sky surveys and applied machine learning, I am developing a Virtual Research Assistant that harnesses A.I. to help experts find the cosmic explosions that made the space dust we come from.
Dr Stevance is a Schmidt AI in Science Fellow at the University of Oxford working with international sky surveys (ATLAS, Vera Rubin) to find extragalactic transients (supernovae, tidal disruption events). She works at the interface between Astronomy and AI, developing “Virtual Research Assistants” to help astronomers find the needles in the cosmic hay stacks. She is an award winning science communicator and early career astrophysicist (Beatrice Tinsley Lecture Prize 2021, Caroline Hearschel Prize 2024), and her talk will be an updated version of her Caroline Herschel Prize Lecture.

Practical Astronomy March - The Autumn Night Sky
2026-03-16 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
This will be one of our seasonal Planetarium sessions. We will use the Planetarium to explore the Autumn Night Sky. This is a great way to improve your knowledge of the Autumn constellations and learn about some of the deep sky objects to be found in them.

Monthly Meeting April - Little Red Dots
2026-04-13 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
100 years ago this year, Edwin Hubble published the first conclusive evidence that there were galaxies beyond the Milky Way. This lecture, using new results from our latest space telescopes and ground-based instruments, surveys the diversity of systems that we’ve found since, from giant and beautiful spirals to mysterious Little Red Dots.
This lecture was recorded by Chris Lintott on 18th March 2026 at Conway Hall, London.
Professor Chris Lintott is a Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Oxford, and a Research Fellow at New College.
Having been educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge and University College London, his research now ranges from understanding how galaxies form and evolve, to using machine learning to find the most unusual things in the Universe, to predicting the properties of visiting interstellar asteroids. He was the founder of the Zooniverse citizen science platform, which provides opportunities for more than two million online volunteers to contribute to scientific research, and which was the topic of his first book, ‘The Crowd and the Cosmos’. His latest book is ‘Our Accidental Universe’.
Professor Lintott is best known for presenting the BBC’s long-running Sky at Night program, and as an accomplished lecturer. Away from work, he cooks, suffers through being a fan of Torquay United and Somerset cricket, and spends time with a rescued lurcher, Mr Max. He can often be found at the helm of Oxford’s science comedy night, ‘Huh, That’s Funny’.

Practical Astronomy April - Variable Stars
2026-04-20 20:00 - 21:00 | Stardome Observatory & Planetarium, 670 Manukau Road, Epsom, Auckland, 1345
Observation of variable stars has a long history with amateur astronomy. We will discuss the types of variable stars and how to observe them to obtain scientifically useful data. This is still a valuable activity even with the large survey telescopes, as amateurs can obtain data for stars that are too bright for the large telescopes, or for certain types of variable stars where changes are happening rapidly, the survey scopes cannot be dedicated for short cadence observing of a single star.
